Spring at Small Farms Oral History Project: A Select Bibliography

Newspaper articles

“Boy Run Over When Getting Water from Black Oak Spring.” Hammond Times, vol. 7, no. 23, 8 June 1918, pp. 3.

Colias-Pete, Meredith. “Gary’s Artesian Spring, a Rare and Longtime Water Source for Locals, May Get Safer off-Road Access.” Chicago Tribune, 18 Jan. 2021.

Conn, Joseph. “Little Calumet Floods Gary Roads, Bridges to Reopen After Inspection; Wells Contaminated.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 4 June 1989, pp. B1.

DeVore, Molly. “‘Let’s End This:’ IDEM Hosts Public Hearing as Gary Solid Waste Plant Seeks Air Permit Renewal.” Northwest Indiana Times, 2 Mar. 2022.

“Did City Err on Water to Small Farms?” Gary Post-Tribune, 8 Feb. 1967.

“Do You Remember? Black Oak Spring Water.” The Times (Munster, IN), 30 June 1964, pp. 10.

“Eight Small Farms Agents Quit.” Gary Post-Tribune, 7 July 1966.

Fornoff, Robin. “Gary Area Wades out the Storm. Many Streets Impassable, Yards Are Turned into Lakes.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 20 May 1987, pp. B1.

Galloway, Gary. “Black Oak Consigned to Watery Grave.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 4 Oct. 1984, pp. A1.

“Gary to Close Section of Chase Street on February 27.” The Times of Northwest Indiana, 29 January 2009.

Grimm, Andy. "Wonder Wells." The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 4 December 2004, p. A1.  

“Group Promotes Annex.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 17 Jan. 1972.

Haines, Derwood. “Eye HUD Aid for Small Farms.” Gary Post-Tribune, 20 July 1966.

Haines, Derwood. “Small Farms Area First Hand Report.” Gary Post-Tribune, 27 Mar. 1966.

Hernandez, Ernie. “Neighbors Seem Unexcited As Sandy Jo Cleanup Starts.” Gary Post-Tribune, 18 Nov. 1984.

Isidore, Chris. “Red Tape Stalls Water Lines for Sandy Jo Area.” Gary Post-Tribune, 30 June 1988.

Jones-Mccloud, Leslie. “Residents Angry Over Sewer Issues.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 5 Dec. 2003, pp. A7.

“Katz Victorious in Small Farms Area.” Gary Crusader, 6 Aug. 1966, pg 20.

Knightly, Tom. “New Water Source on Tap for Black Oak.” Gary Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 27 January 1988, p. A1.

Knightly, Tom. “U.S. Halts Filling of Lake Sandy Jo.” Gary Post-Tribune, 28 Sept. 1989, p. B5.

Kramer, Ari. “Black Oak Will Get City Water.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 6 Oct. 2000, pp. A6.

“Large Hope for Small Farms.” Gary Post-Tribune, 21 July 1966.

Lyons, Craig. “'It's a Disaster': East Chicago Still Reeling from Lead Crisis, and EPA Can't Say if Water is Safe,” Chicago Tribune, 21 July 2017.

“New Look Coming to Natural Spring at 35th & Chase in Gary.” The 411 Weekly News Magazine, 18 January 2021, http://gary411news.com/News-Detail.aspx?typeID=1&newsID=54997.

“New Pure Water Company Started.” The Times (Munster, IN), 20 Sept. 1914, pp. 5.

“OKs Sewers for Part of Small Farms.” Gary Post-Tribune, 20 Apr. 1966.

“Only 10% Sign for New ‘Farms’ Water Service.” Gary Post-Tribune, 10 Oct. 1966.

Pakenham, Mary. “Officials Warn Residents Are in Danger.” Chicago Tribune, 1960.

Patterson, Steve. “Promise Finally Kept to Black Oak - Residents Were Told 25 Years Ago by Gary They’d Get Water Lines.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 29 Sept. 2001, pp. A5.

Patterson, Steve. “Gary Water Deal All Wet - Water Firm May Pull.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 4 Aug. 2002, pp. A4.

Patterson, Steve. “Contract Awarded for Water Main Lines - Black Oak.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 14 Jan. 2002, pp. A1.

Paul, Laura. “High School Students Test the Waters, Gain ‘Competitive Edge.’” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 8 July 2001, pp. B8.

“Picnic Plans Complete.” The Times (Munster, Indiana), 1 July 1930, pp. 6.

“Prettyman Is Linked to ‘Nationalists.’" Chicago Tribune, 1945.

“Protesting Water Shortage.” Chicago Tribune, 23 July 1966, p. D20.

Quinn, Michelle L. “Spring Cleanup Around Artesian Well in Gary Comes None Too Early.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), vol. 1, 7 Jan. 2016, pp. 1.

Rosenbloom-Kerzner, Idelle. “Gary’s Artesian Spring Has a 12,000-Year History.” The Post Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 6 Mar. 2003, pp. B1.

“Sandy Jo Clean-up Going OK.” Gary Post-Tribune, 18 June 1975.

Sangiacomo, Michael. “EPA: Wells Near Dump Tainted.” Gary Post-Tribune, 21 Aug. 1986.

“Seek Speedup in Bridge Work Over Tollway.” Chicago Tribune, 28 July 1960, p. S_A10.

Shepard, Korry. “Battle of Lake Sandy Jo Exemplifies Gary’s Fight against Pollution.” Northwest Indiana Times, 30 Jan. 2022, https://www.nwitimes.com/opinion/columnists/guest-commentary/battle-of-lake-sandy-jo-exemplifies-garys- fight-against-pollution/article_833efb76-c518-5a67-8dbe-13b0e8a4e68f.html.

“Small Farms Leader Vows More Protests.” Gary Post-Tribune, 23 July 1966.

“Small Farms Sewer Project Bids Opened.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 8 Feb. 1972.

“Small Farms Sewer Survey Set.” Gary Post-Tribune, 30 Aug. 1966.

“Small Farms Unit Agrees on Program.” Gary Post-Tribune, 14 May 1966.

“Small Farm Water Main Work Near.” Gary Post-Tribune, Aug. 1966.

Taylor, Kerry. “Pollution Foes Rally in Gary.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 13 Dec. 1992, pp. A12.

Thompkins, Sarah. "Former Gary Wastewater Treatment Operators, National Water Company Charged with Violating the Clean Water Act." The Times of Northwest Indiana, 9 Sept. 2010.

“200 Small Farms Residents Slate Protest at City Hall.” Gary Post-Tribune, 1966.

Vatanen, Osmo. “Water Creates Problems.” The Times (Munster, Indiana), 13 Feb. 1967, pp. 13–13.

Wiget, Frank. “New Turn in Mystery of Dead Dogs.” The Post-Tribune (Merrillville, IN), 1988, pp. B1.

Books and articles about springs

Ball, T. H. "Some Notice of Streams, Springs, Wells and Sand Ridges in Lake County, Indiana." In Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, vol. 6, pp. 73-75. 1896.

Bechert, Charles H., and John M. Heckard. Ground Water in Indiana. 1966.

Blatchley, W. S. "The Mineral Waters of Indiana: Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources." Annual Report 26.1901 (1903): pp. 11-158.

Bryan, Kirk. "Classification of Springs." The Journal of Geology 27.7 (1919): 522-561.

Capps, Stephen Reid, and Richard Bryant. The Underground Waters of North-Central Indiana. Vol. 254. US Government Printing Office, 1910. 

Books and articles about Gary, Indiana

Barnes, Sandra L. Cost of Being Poor, The: A Comparative Study of Life in Poor Urban Neighborhoods in Gary, Indiana. SUNY Press, 2012.

Catlin, Robert A. Racial politics and urban planning: Gary, Indiana, 1980-1989. University Press of Kentucky, 1993.

Hurley, Andrew. "The Social Biases of Environmental Change in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980." Environmental Review: ER 12, no. 4 (1988): 1-19.

Lane, James B. City of the Century: A History of Gary, Indiana. Indiana University Press, 1978.

Westhues, Kay. “The Spring at Small Farms.” The Gary Anthology, edited by Samuel Love, Belt Publishing, 2020, pp. 86-94. 

Writers' Program (Ind.). The Calumet Region Historical Guide: Containing the Early History of the Region as Well as the Contemporary Scene Within the Cities of Gary, Hammond, East Chicago (including Indiana Harbor), and Whiting. Indiana Writers' Program, 1939.

Reports

Adamkus, Valdas V. EPA Lake Sandy Jo Record Of Decision: Lake Sandy Jo, IN. 1986.

NPL Site Narrative for Lake Sandy Jo ( M & M Landfill ). December 1982, 1983.

“Technical Volume D, Environmental Resources and Recreation Plan.” Little Calumet River, IN, Phase 1, General Design Memorandum, 1982.

Websites

Little Calumet River Basin Development Commission, http://littlecalriverbasin.org. Accessed 11 November 2019.

Videos

Muhammad, Alva and Westhues, Kay. Interviewed by Krista Bailey. WNIT's Experience Michiana: Gary's Artesian Spring in Small Farms, 23 August 2021, https://www.wnit.org/expmichiana/s/garys-artesian-spring-in-small-farms.html 

Muhammad, Alva and Westhues, Kay. "First Friday Innovation Conversation #3: The Spring at Small Farms." YouTube, uploaded by Indiana University South Bend Center for a Sustainable Future, 4 December 2020, https://youtu.be/qebSe_OCEtU 

Westhues, Kay. "Calumet Heritage Conference 2020: Day 3." Facebook, uploaded by Calumet Heritage Partnership, 23 October 2020, https://www.facebook.com/calumetheritage/videos/353477739240078/ 
 

Westhues, Kay. “The Specialness of Springs.” YouTube, uploaded by Moreau Art Galleries, Moreau Center for the Arts, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana, 3 September 2021, https://youtu.be/3kCNEAVmB-o 
 

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